Southern Africana Abbreviations Sometimes authors don't bother to give proper explanations to whatever acronyms and abbreviations they use. Thus this page contains a compilation of some of the most often occuring abbreviations and acronyms related to African studies, with special reference to southern Africa. AAC = All African Convention. South Africa. AAM = Anti-Apartheid Movement. South Africa. ACCT = Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique. Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation, Paris. ACEA [CAAS] = Association Canadienne des Études Africaines. Canadian Association of African Studies, Montréal. ACPN = Association of Commercial Publishers in Namibia. ADP = African Democratic Party. South African political party. AELIA = Association d'Études Linguistiques Interculturelles Africaines. Association for African Intercultural Linguistic Studies, Paris. AFSAAP = African Studies Association of Australasia & the Pacific. Curtin University at Perth, Australia. AGS = Apostoliese Geloofsending. Apostolic Faith Mission, South Africa. AHI = Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut. Afrikaans Trade Institute, South Africa. AIM = Africa Inland Mission. AIM = Agência de Informação de Moçambique. Mozambican Information Agency, Maputo. ALAC = Atlas Linguistique de l'Afrique Centrale. Yaoundé. ALASA [AVSA] = African Languages Association of Southern Africa. Pretoria, South Africa. ALCAM = Atlas Linguistique du Cameroun. Yaoundé. AMEC = African Methodist Episcopal Church. Southern Africa. ANC = African National Congress. South African political party. Formed in 1912 as "South African Native National Congress" (SANNC). APIC = African Policy Information Center. APK = Afrikaanse Protestantse Kerk. Afrikaans Protestant Church, South Africa. APO = African Political/People's Organisation. South African political party. "Political" was later changed to "People's". ARSOM = Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Royal Academy of Colonial? Sciences, Paris. ASAWE = African Studies Association of the West Indies. Mona. ASB = Afrikaanse Studentebond. South Africa. ASC = Afrika-Studiecentrum/African Studies Centre. Leiden, Netherlands. ASSA = Association for Sociology in South Africa. ATG = Afrikaanse Taalgenootskap. Afrikaans Language Society, South Africa. ATKV = Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging. ATV = Afrikaanse Taalvereniging. Afrikaans Language Association, South Africa. AVRUG = Afrika-Vereniging van de Rijksuniversiteit Gent. Africa Association of the State University of Ghent, Belgium. AVSA [ALASA] = Afrikatale-Vereniging van Suider-Afrika. Afican Languages Association of Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. AWB = Afrikaner Weerstand Beweging. Afrikaner Resistence Movement, South Africa. AZAPO = Azanian People's Organisation. South African political party. Formed during the 1970s. BAB = Basler Afrika Bibliographien. Namibia Resource Center - Southern African Library in Switzerland. BFBS [SBBE] = British and Foreign Bible Society. London. BGSA [BSSA] = Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika. Bible Society of South Africa. BIEA = British Intitute in Eastern Africa. BLS = Botswana, Lesotho & Swaziland. "The BLS states" is a recurrent phrase in southern African literature. BMG = Berliner Missionsgesellschaft. Berlin Missionary Society. BNA = Botswana National Archives. BNC = Basutoland National Council. BNF = Botswana National Front. BNP = Basutoland National Party. BOC = Botswana Orientation Society. Gaborone. Some kind of educational organisation. BODA = British Overseas Development Administration. London. BOSS = Bureau of State Security. South Africa. Formed in 1969, now dismantled. Empowered to investigate all matters concerning internal state security. BPP = Botswana People's Party. BSAC = British South Africa Company. BSSA [BGSA] = Bible Society of South Africa. CAAS [ACEA] = Canadian Association of African Studies. Montréal. CAL = Center for Applied Linguistics. Washington DC. CBOLD = Comparative Bantu On-Line Dictionary. University of California at Berkeley. CCN = Council of Churches in Namibia. Formed in 1977 to form a united opposition towards South African apartheid-rule. Now it functions as an ecumenical body with objectives to deal with religious, social and educational matters of common interest. CCTA [CTCA] = ???. Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa, London. CDHS = Centre de Documentation Sciences Humaines. Center for Human Sciences Documentation at CNRS, Paris. CEA = Centro de Estudos Africanos. Center for African Studies, Maputo. CEEBA = Centre d'Études Ethnologiques de Bandundu. Center for Ethnologicaol Studies at Bandundu, Zaïre. CEPAC = Centre d'Études Socio-Politiques pour l'Afrique Centrale. Center for Socio-Political Studies in Central Africa. CERDOTOLA = Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur les Traditions Orales et pour le Développement des Langues Africaines. Center for Research and Documentation of Oral Traditions and for the Development of African Languages. CIAS = Centre for International and Area Studies. London. CILF = Conseil International de la Langue Français. International Council for the French Language, Paris. CIRB = Centre International de Recherche sur le Bilingualism. International Center for Research in Bilingualism, Québec. CIRELFA = Conseil International de Recherche et d'Étude en Linguistique Fondamentale et Appliquée. International Council of Research and Studies in Fundamental and Applied Linguistics, Paris. CIS = Centre for Intergroup Studies. University of Cape Town, South Africa. CITA = Centre de Informação e Tourismo de Angola. Angolan Center for Information and Tourism, Luanda. CLAD = Centre de la Linguistique Appliquée de Dakar. Formerly "Comité Linguistique Africaine à Dakar". CLAIM = Christian Literature Association in Malawi. Blantyre. CLaSH = Association for Children with Language, Speech and Hearing Impairments of Namibia. Windhoek. CLTA = Centre de Linguistique Théoretique et Appliquée. Center for Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at the National University of Zaïre. CMEA [COMECON] = Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. CMS = Church Missionary Society. CNA = Central News Agency. South Africa. Book publishers and sellers of office supplies. CNETU = Congress of Non-European Trade Unions. South Africa. CNHN [CSNL] = Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya. Center for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University College, Kano. CNICP = Comissão Nacional de Implementação dos Conselhos de Produção. National Commission for the Implementation of Product? Councils, Maputo. CNL = Commission Nationale de Linguistique. National Linguistic Commission, Benin & Togo. CNRS = Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. National Center for Scientific Research, Paris. COD = Congress of Democrats. South Africa. CODESA = Convention for a Democratic South Africa. COMECON [CMEA] = Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. CONSAS = Constellation of Southern African States. COSATU = Congress of South African Trade Unions. CP = Conservative Party. South Africa. CPNU = Coloured People's National Union. South Africa. CPS = Centre for Policy Studies. At HSRC, South Africa. CPSA = Communist Party of South Africa. Now "South African Communist Party" (SACP). CRAPEA = Centre des Récherche Anthropologiques, Préhistoriques et Ethnographiques en Algérie. Center for Anthropological, Prehistoric and Ethnographic Research in Algeria. CRCSA = Canadian Research Consortium on Southern Africa. CRP = Centre de Recherches Pédagogiques. Center for Pedagogical Research, Kinshasa. CRP = Centre de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire au CNRS. Center for Pluridisciplinary Research at CNRS, Ivry, France. CSA [SCA(SS)] = ???. Scientific Council for Africa South of the Sahara, London. CSAA = Centro Studi Archeologia Africana. Center for the Study of African Archaeology. CSLI = Center for the Study of Language and Information. Stanford, California. CSNL [CNHN] = Center for the Study of Nigerian Languages. Bayero University College, Kano. CTCA [CCTA] = Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa. London. CUSA = Council of Unions of South Africa. DASA = Demographic Association of Southern Africa. DASP = Deutsche Gesellschaft für die afrikanischen Staaten portugiesischer Sprache. German Society for Portuguese-Speaking African States, Bonn. DEFA = Direção de Emigração e Fronteras de Angola. Directorate for Migration and Frontiers of Angola, Luanda. DEIC [HOIK, NOIK, NEIC] = Dutch East India Company. DELK = Deutsche Evangelisch-Lutheranische Kirche. German Evangelical-Lutheran Church, Namibia and South Africa. DGRST = Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique. General? Directorate for Scientific and Technical Research. DISA = Defence Institute of South Africa. A think tank and lobby group concerned with regional security and military matters. Formed in 1992. DNAFLA = Direction Nationale de l'Alphabétisation Fonctionelle et de la Linguistique Appliquée. National Directorate for Functional Literacy and for Applied Linguistics. DP = Democratic Party. South Africa. DPP = Democratic Progressive Party. South Africa. DRC [NGK] = Dutch Reformed Church. DTA = Democratic Turnhalle Alliance. Namibia. EAISCA = East African Institute of Social and Cultural Affairs. ECOWAS = Economic Community of West African States. EEIC = English East India Company. EELC = Église Évangélique Lutherienne du Cameroun. Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Cameroon. EFLC = Église Fraternelle Lutherienne du Cameroun. Fraternal? Lutheran Church of Cameroun. ELC [ELK] = Evangelical Lutheran Church. Established in 1957. Not the same as "Evagelical Lutheran Church in Namibia" (ELCIN). ELCIN = Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. Formerly "Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church" (ELOC). Not the same as "Evangelical Lutheran Church" (ELC). ELK [ELC] = Evangeliese-Lutherse Kerk. Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Namibia. Established 1957. ELLUG = Éditions littéraires et linguistiques de l'Université Stendhal-Grenoble. Literary and Linguistic Publications of the University of Stendhal at Grenoble, France. ELOC = Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church. Originally established and run by Finnish Missionaries. Now "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia" (ELCIN). ELTIC = English Language Teaching In Cameroon. ESA = Ethnographic Survey of Africa. International African Institute, London. FAK = Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge. Federation of Afrikaans Culture Organisations, South Africa. FLEC = Frente de Libertação por Enclavo Cabinda. Liberation Front for the Cabinda Enclave, Angola. FLS = Front-Line States. Comprises Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, that is, those states that share borders with South Africa (save Lesotho and Swaziland). FNLA = Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola. National Front for the Liberation of Angola. FOFATUSA = Federation of Free African Trade Unions of South Africa. FOSATU = Federation of South African Trade Unions. FRELIMO = Frente de Libertação de Mozambique. Liberation Front of Mozambique. GILLBT = Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation. GLECS = Groupe Linguistique d'Études Chamito-Sémitique. Linguistic Group for Hamitic-Semitic Studies, Paris. GNU = South African Government of National Unity. GRA = Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners. Society of Right? Afrikaners, South Africa. GWE = Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Entwicklung. Society for Scientific Development, Swakopmund, Namibia. HAUM = Hollandsche Afrikaanse Uitgeweers Maatschappij. Book publishers. Cape Town & Pretoria. HNP = Herstigte Nasionale Party. South African political party. Not the same as "Herenigde Nasionale Party" (HNP). HNP = Herenigde Nasionale Party. South African political party. Not the same as "Herstigte Nasionale Party" (HNP). HOIK [NOIK, DEIC, NEIC] = Hollandse Oos-Indiese Kompanjie. Dutch East India Company. HRC = Human Rights Commission. South Africa. Investigates violations of human rights through security legislation. HRSC [RGN] = Human Sciences Research Council. Pretoria. A state-financed think tank and sponsor of social research. HRT = Human Rights Trust. Port Elizabeth, South Africa. IAI = International African Institute. London. Until 1946 it was called "International Institute of African Languages and Cultures" (IIALC). ICJ = International Court of Justice. Seated at The Hague. IDASA = Institute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa. IDASS = International Directory of African Studies Scholars. Columbia University. IFAA = Institut für Afrikanistik und Ägyptologie. Department of Africanistics and Egyptology at the University of Vienna. IFAA = Institute For African Alternatives. London. Established in 1986 to promote policy research. IFAN = Institute Français/Fondamental de l'Afrique Noire. Dakar. "Français" later changed to "Fondamental". IFP = Inkatha Freedom Party. Zulu-based South African political party. South Africa. IIALC = International Institute of African Languages and Cultures. London. Since 1946/7 the name is "International African Institute" (IAI). ILA = Institut de Linguistique Appliquée. Institute for Applied Linguistics at the University of Abidjan. ILP = Independent Labour Party. South African political party. IMPD [MPD] = Institute for Multi-Party Democracy. South African political think tank and research institute. Formed in 1991. INALCO = Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales. National Institute of Oriental Languages and Cultures, Paris. INDE = Instituto Nacional do Desenvolvimento da EducaŤ‹o. National Institute for the Development of Education, Maputo. INEF = Institut National d'Education et de Formation. National Institute of Education and Planning, Paris. INRS = Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique. National Institut of Scientific Research, Butare. IPN = Institut Pédagogique National. National Pedagogical Institute, Zaïre. IRAC = Institut Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Brussells. Formerly "Institut Royal du Congo Belge" (IRCB). IRCB = Institut Royal Colonial Belge. Brussells. Now "Institut Royal de l'Afrique Centrale" (IRAC). ISP = Institut Supérieur Pédagogique. ISSUP = Institute for Strategic Studies, University of Pretoria. South Africa. ISTK = Institut Supérieur Théologique de Kinshasa. IUCAS = Inter-University Committee for African Studies. South Africa. IWGIA = International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. Scandinavia. LACITO = Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale. LAN = Language Association of Nigeria. LAUD = Linguistic Agency, University of Duisburg. LiCCA = Languages in Contact and Conflict in Africa. Duizburg. LIFLA = Linguistique Formelle et Langues Africaines. Structural Linguistics and African Languages, University of Paris VIII. LLA = Lesotho Liberation Army. LMS = London Missionary Society. LSN = Language Society of Namibia. MAGIC = Mozambique, Angola and Guinea Information Centre. London. MCP = Malawi Congress Party. MISA = Media Institute of Southern Africa. MK = Umkhonto we Sizwe [Spear of the Nation]. South Africa. ANC's military wing. MNR [RENAMO] = Mozambique National Resistence. MPD [IMPD] = Institute for Multi-Party Democracy. South African political think tank and research institute. Formed in 1991. MPLA = Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola. People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola. MRAC = Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Tervuren. Formerly "Musée Royal du Congo Belge" (MRCB). MRCB = Musée Royal du Congo Belge. Tervuren. Now "Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale" (MRAC). MSORP = Michael Scott Oral Records Project. Windhoek. MSOS = Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen. Journal. Published in Berlin. NADA = Native affairs department annual. The proper title was until 1963 "Southern Rhodesia Native Affairs Department Annual", and then, until 1979, "Rhodesia Ministry of Internal Affairs Annual".Customarily only referred to as "NADA". NAFCOC = National African Federated Chamber of Commerce. South Africa. NAI = The Nordic Africa Institute. Uppsala, Sweden. Formerly "The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies" (SIAS). NAMPA = Namibian Press Agency. NBC = Namibian Broadcasting Corporation. Formerly "South West African Broadcasting Corporation" (SWABC). NBTT = Nigerian Bible Translation Trust. NECZAM = National Educational Company of Zambia. NEIC [DEIC, HOIK, NOIK] = Netherlands East India Company. NELIMO = Núcleo de Estudo de Línguas Moçambicanas. Faculdade de Letras, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Moçambique. NEPRU = Namibian Economic Policy Review Unit. NESA = Nigerian English Studies Association. NETA = Nigerian English Teaching Association. NGK [DRC] = Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk. NIC = Natal Indian Congress. South African political party. NIR = National Institute of Development Research and Documentation. University of Botswana. Formerly "National Institute of Research". NISER = National Institute for Social and Economic Research. University of Namibia. NIWA = Namibian Information Workers' Association. Windhoek. NOIK [HOIK, DEIC, NEIC] = Nederlandse Oos-Indiese Kompanjie. NP = National Party. South African Afrikaner-based political party. Formed in 1912 as a reaction towards the pro-British policies of the Botha-Smuts goverment. NRP = New Republic Party. South African political party. NSS [NWG, NWV] = Namibia Scientific Society. Formerly "SWA Scientific Society" (SWASS). NUSAS = Nasionale Unie van Suid-Afrikaanse Studente. National Union of South African Students. NWG [NSS, NWV] = Namibische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Namibia Scientific Society, Windhoek. Formerly "SWA Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft" (SWAWG). NWV [NSS, NWG] = Namibië Wetenskaplike Vereniging. Namibia Scientific Society, Windhoek. Formerly "SWA Wetenskaplike Vereniging" (SWAWV). NZAV = Nederlandsch Zuid-Afrikaansche Vereeniging. Dutch South African Association. OAE [OAU, UOA] = Organisasie vir Afrika-Eenheid. Organization of African Unity. Seated at Kampala, Uganda. OAU [OUA, OAE] = Organization of African Unity. Seated at Kampala, Uganda. OB = Ossewa Brandwag [Ox-Wagon Guard]. Afrikaner-based South African terror group. Originally formed during the 1930s to celebrate the centennial of the Great Trek. OFS [OVS] = Orange Free State. South African province. Formerly "Orange River Colony" (ORC). OPC = Ovamboland People's Congress. Namibian resistence movement. Changed later to "Ovamboland People's Organization" (OPO), and to "South West Africa People's Organization" (SWAPO) in 1960. OPO = Ovamboland People's Organization. Namibian resistence movement. Formerly "Ovamboland People's Congress" (OPC). Since 1960 "South West Africa People's Organization" (SWAPO). ORC = Orange River Colony. South Africa. Now "Orange Free State" (OFS). ORSTOM = Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer. Paris. OTM = Organização dos Trabalhadores de Moçambique. Mozambican Worker's Organization, Maputo. OUA [OAU, OAE] = Organisation de l'Unité Africaine. Organization of African Unity. Seated at Kampala, Uganda. OVS [OFS] = Oranje-Vrystaat. Orange Free State, South African province. Formerly "Orange River Colony" (ORC). PAC = Pan-Africanist Congress. South African political party. Off-shoot from the ANC. Formed in 1959. PAFMECSA = Pan-African Freedom Movement of East, Central and South Africa. PEBCO = Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organization. South Africa. PEMS = Paris Evangelical Missionary Society. PFP = Progressive Federal Party. South African political party. PLAM = People's Liberation Army of Malawi. PLAN = People's Liberation Army of Namibia. PTA(ESA) = Preferential Trade Area of East and Southern Africa. PUCHE [PUCHO] = Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education. South Africa. PUCHO [PUCHE] = Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christlike Hoër Onderwys. Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, South Africa. RAI = Royal Anthropological Institute [of Great Britain and Ireland]. London. Established in 1872. RAU = Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit. Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa. RENAMO [MNR] = Resistencia Nacional de Mozambique. RGN [HRSC] = Raad vir Geestewetenskaplike Navorsing. Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria. A state-financed think tank and sponsor of social research. RLAO [SWAL, WALS] = Revue de Langues de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Survey of West African Languages [or, West African Languages Survey], at the University of Dakar. RMG = Rheinischen Missionsgesellschaft. Rhenish Missionary Society, Windhoek. RSA = Republiek van Suid-Afrika/Republic of South Africa. RU = Rhodes University/Rhodes-Universiteit. Grahamstown, South Africa. SAALA = Southern African Applied Linguistics Association. South Africa. SABC [SAUK] = South African Broadcasting Corporation. SABRA = Suid-Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse Aangeleenthede. South African Bureau of Racial Affairs. SACC = South African Council of Churches. SACP = South African Communist Party. Formerly "Communist Party of South Africa" (CPSA). SACSS = South African Central Statistics Office. SADCC = Southern African Development Coordination Conference. SADF = South African Defence Forces. SAFNETU = South African Federation of Non-European Trade Unions. SAIC = South African Indian Congress. SAIGN = Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Geskiedenisnavorsing. South African Institute for Historical Research at HSRC, Pretoria. SAIIA = South African Institute of International Affairs. Johannesburg. SAIKN = Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Kommunikasienavorsing. South African Institute for Communication Research at HSRC, Pretoria. SAINO = Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Navorsingsontwikkeling. South African Institute for Research Development at HSRC, Pretoria. SAION = Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Opvoedkundige Navorsing. South African Institute for Educational Research at HSRC, Pretoria. SAIRR = South African Institute of Race Relations. Johannesburg. SAITALEK = Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Taal, Lettere en Kuns. South African Institute for Language, Literature and Art at HSRC, Pretoria. SALS = South African Logopedic Society. SANAC = South African Native Affairs Commission. SANC = South African Native Congress. SANNC = South African Native National Congress. Now "African National Congress" (ANC). SANROC = South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee. SAP = South African Party. SAPL = South African Public Libraries. SAR [ZAR] = South African Republic. Formed during the 1850s. Annexed by the British during the 1870s. Covered approximately what today is Transvaal. SAREC = Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries. Stockholm. Now part of SIDA. SASM = South African Student's Movement. SASO = South African Students Organisation. SATC = South Africa Truth Commission. SATUC = South African Trade Union Council. Now "Trade Union Congress of South Africa" (TUCSA). SAUK [SABC] = Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie. SBBE [BFBS] = Société Biblique Britannique et Étrangère. British and Foreign Bible Society, London. SCA(SS) [CSA] = Scientific Council for Africa South of the Sahara. London. SCOPIL = Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Publication series. University of Southern California, Los Angeles. SEC = Société d'Études Camerounaises. SELAF = Société des Études Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France. SIAS = The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. Uppsala, Sweden. Now "The Nordic Africa Institute" (NAI). SIDA = Swedish International Development Authority. SIL = Summer Institute of Linguistics. SLAO [WALS] = Société Linguistique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. SLP = Société Linguistique de Paris. SOAS = School of Oriental and African Studies. University of London. SPCK = Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge. London. Cf. also the "SPG(FP)" & "USPG" - any relation? SPG(FP) = Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. London. Cf. also the "SPCK" & "USPG" - any relation? SPROCAS = Study Project on Christianity in Apartheid Society. South Africa. SRBG = Société Royale Belge de Géographique. Brussells. SSEA = Société Suisse des Études Africaines. Swiss Society for African Studies, Bern. SUGIA = Sprache und Gesichte in Afrika. Journal. Formerly published by Helmut Buske in Hamburg. Now published by Rüdiger Köppe in Cologne. SWABC = South West African Broadcasting Corporation. Now "Namibian Broadcasting Corporation" (NBC). SWAL [WALS, RLAO] = Survey of West African Languages Survey. Also "West African Languages Survey". University of Dakar. SWALIMO = Swazi Liberation Movement. SWANLA = South West African Native Labour Association. Namibia. SWANU = South West African National Union. Namibia. SWAPO = South West Africa People's Organization. Namibian political party. Formerly "Ovamboland People's Congress" (OPC), and then "Ovamboland People's Organization" (OPO) until 1960. SWASS [SWAWG, SWAWV] = South West African Scientific Society. Windhoek. Now "Namibia Scientific Society" (NSS). SWAWG [SWASS, SWAWV] = Südwestafrikanische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. SWA Scientific Society, Windhoek. Now "Namibia Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft" (NWG). SWAWV [SWASS, SWAWG] = Suidwes-Afrikaanse Wetenskaplike Vereniging. SWA Scientific Society, Windhoek. Now "Namibië Wetenskaplike Vereniging" (NWV). TIC = Transvaal Indian Congress. South African political party. TILL = The Institute for Liberian Languages. TISLL = The Institute for Sierra Leonean Languages. TUCSA = Trade Union Congress of South Africa. Formerly "South African Trade Union Council" (SATUC). TVBC = Transkei, Venda, Bophuthatswana & Ciskei. "The TVBC states" is sometimes used to refer to these former South African homelands. UCL = Université Catholique de Louvain. UCT [UK] = University of Cape Town. UDENAMO = União Democratico Nacional de Mozambique. National Democratic Union of Mozambique. UDF = United Democratic Front. South African political party. UEIC [VOIC] = United East India Company. UEM [VEM] = United Evangelical Mission. Namibia. UK [UCT] = Universiteit van Kaapstad. University of Cape Town. UKSATA = United Kingdom - South Africa Trade Association. UN = United Nations. Formerly "League of Nations" and later "United Nations Organization" (UNO). UNCN = United Nations Council for Namibia. UNDTCD = United Nations Department of Technical Co-operation for Development. UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNFPA = United Nations Fund for Population Activities. UNICEF = United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. UNIN = United Nations Institute for Namibia. Established at Lusaka in 1976 as preparation for Namibian independence. UNISA = Universiteit van Suid-Afrika/University of South Africa. Pretoria. UNISWA = University of Swaziland. UNITA = União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola. National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. UNO = United Nations Organization. Formerly "League of Nations"; now "United Nations" (UN). UNTAG = United Nations Transitional Assistance Group. UOFS [UOVS] = University of the Orange Free State. Bloemfontein, South Africa. UOVS [UOFS] = Universiteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat. University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. UP = United Party. South African political party. UP = Universiteit van Pretoria/University of Pretoria. South Africa. UPCS = United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. UPE = Universiteit van Port Elizabeth/University of Port Elizabeth. South Africa. UPNA = União de População do Norte de Angola. Union of the Populations of Northern Angola. Later to become part of "Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola" (FNLA). US = Universiteit van Stellenbosch. University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. USAID = United States Agency for International Development. USANP [VSANP] = United South African National Party. USCL = United Society for Christian Literature. London. USPG = United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. London. Cf. also the "SPCK" & "SPG(FP)" - any relation? UW = University of the Witwatersrand/Universiteit van die Witwatersrand. Johannesburg. VEM [UEM] = Vereinigste Evangelische Mission. United Evangelical Mission of Namibia. VOIC [UEIC] = Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie. United East India Company. VSANP [USANP] = Verenigde Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Party. United South African National Party. WALS [RLAO, SWAL] = West African Languages Survey. Possibly also "Survey of West African Languages". University of Dakar. WALS [SLAO] = West African Linguistic Society. WAT = Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. Dictionary of the Afrikaans Language. WBT = Wycliffe Bible Translators. WHO = World Health Organization. WMMS = Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society. WNLA = Witwatersrand Native Labour Association. South Africa. WPSA = Workers Party of South Africa. WZKM = Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. Journal. Published since 1887. ZANU = Zimbabwe African National Union. ZAPU = Zimbabwe African People's Union. ZAR [SAR] = Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek. South African Republic. Formed during the 1850s. Annexed by the British during the 1870s. Covered approximately what today is Transvaal. ZDMG = Zeitschrift für Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. Journal. Published in Leipzig & Berlin since 1846. ZUM = Zimbabwe Unity Movement.